Soilless cultivation of columns is an important step for my country's greenhouse industry to move towards high technology. In this article, the editor will introduce some key points of soilless cultivation of columns in greenhouses.
(1) Equipment and materials
The hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is used in the greenhouse, which does not need column support, and the interior is wide, which is convenient for later equipment and various work. The nutrient solution pool is at one end of the greenhouse, below the ground level, with a length of 3 meters and a width of 1.2 meters. A nutrient solution pool with a depth of 1.6 meters. The structure is made of bricks and mud, the inner wall and bottom are smoothed, and the liquid does not leak outward. The outer packaging of the culture column is made of plastic woven cloth, rolled into a barrel shape with a diameter of 15 cm and a length of 1.7 meters, and sewed together, the upper opening is open and the lower opening is closed. Other devices include small circulating pumps, filters, water mains with a diameter of about 5 cm, water capillaries, bypasses, drip showers, iron rings on the culture column, pipe plugs, iron wires, etc.
(2) Installation column
In the greenhouse, a culture tank of 4.8 meters, 0.5 meters wide and 12 cm deep is built with bricks in the north-south direction. A 0.5-meter-wide working channel is left between the grooves. The south end of the culture tank was built with bricks to form a 0.5-meter-wide backwater ditch, and a plastic film was set off at the bottom and four walls of each culture tank to prevent the leakage of nutrient solution, and then 4 cm thick ceramsite was sprinkled. Use a 1.95-meter-high iron rod to pass through the bottom of the barrel surrounded by plastic woven cloth to connect the two together. Fill the drum with organic substrate along the upper mouth and stop at the top. Then add a circular hoop at the upper opening and sew it together with the plastic woven fabric. The iron rod of the culture column support frame will be more than 20 cm higher than the culture column barrel, and the top of the iron rod is used to install a drip shower. In this way, a complete cultivation column is formed.
(3) Assembling and fixing
The assembled culture columns are placed in the culture tank. Two rows of columns are organized in each culture tank, and 6 columns form a row. Each row of columns is connected by thick iron wires in the north-south direction. to prevent falling. The distance between the two rows of columns in the culture tank is 0.75 cm, and the distance between the two rows of columns between the culture tanks is 1 meter.
(4) Connecting the nutrient solution delivery system
Connect the nutrient solution delivery system in the following order: liquid storage tank-circulating pump-filter-main pipeline-bypass-capillary-drip head-cultivation column-cultivation tank-return ditch-liquid storage tank. The main pipeline of the nutrient solution delivery system is set along the upper end of the north wall of the greenhouse, the capillary tube and the drip head are suspended at the top of the culture column, and the end of each capillary tube is blocked with a pipe plug.
(5) Preparation of nutrient solution
Leafy vegetable nutrient solution ratio (1 ton of water): 236 grams of calcium nitrate, 404 grams of potassium nitrate, 57 grams of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 123 grams of magnesium sulfate, 16 grams of iron chelate, 1.2 grams of boric acid, 0.72 grams, sulfuric acid Zinc 0.09g, copper sulfate 0.04g, sodium molybdate 0.013g, EC value 0.85-1.3. (for reference)
(6) Crop planting
Simple soilless three-dimensional culture is usually suitable for cultivating shorter leafy vegetables, such as lettuce, rapeseed, celery, etc. Before planting crops, punch holes on the cultivation column, and punch 40 holes evenly on the column with a height of 1.7 meters. Through the nutrient solution transport system, water is passed into the culture column, so that the matrix in the column reaches a moist state. The vegetable seedlings to be cultivated in the greenhouse are planted in the cultivation holes.
Whether it is the construction and selection of greenhouses, or the implementation of soilless cultivation technology, every step needs to be done carefully in order to achieve the great cause of greenhouse planting.